Effect of Multicomponent Mordant Ratios (MgSO₄–Na₂CO₃–Al₂(SO₄)₃) on the Color and Physical Properties of Ecoprinted Leather

Wehandaka Pancapalaga, Endang Sri Hartati, Bayu Etyy Tri Adiyastiti, Rinaldy Achmad Roberth Fathoni

Article
2026 / Volume 9 / Pages 944-960
Received 19 November 2025; Accepted 9 January 2026; Published 17 April 2026
https://doi.org/10.31881/TLR.2026.944

Abstract
This study examined the influence of varying ratios of MgSO₄, Na₂CO₃, and Al₂(SO₄)₃ on the chromatic and mechanical properties of ecoprinted sheep leather. A completely randomized design with five treatments (0–60% MgSO₄) was applied under constant total mordant mass. Evaluated parameters included color intensity (K/S), color difference (ΔE), fastness to washing, rubbing, perspiration, and light, as well as tensile strength, tear strength, stitch strength, elongation, and softness. Statistical analysis (ANOVA followed by DMRT) confirmed that the mordant ratio significantly influenced all measured properties (p < 0.05). The 30–45% MgSO₄ proportion yielded optimal overall performance, particularly via increased color intensity (K/S 13.9–14.6), improved stability (ΔE 6.5–7.2), and satisfactory fastness ratings. Mechanical properties such as tensile and tear strength were maintained or improved, while stitch strength remained comparable across treatments, with P3 showing the highest numerical value. Although Al₂(SO₄)₃ remained present, its reduced proportion relative to conventional single-metal systems suggests a potentially lower environmental burden. Further investigation of effluent characteristics (COD, BOD, and biodegradability) is necessary to substantiate its sustainability profile.

Keywords
ecoprint leather, environmentally promising alternative, multicomponent mordant system, sheep leather, color properties