Decompensated cirrhosis, much like a textile weave that has reached its breaking point under sustained tension, represents the final stage of progressive liver disease. Historically considered an inevitable terminal condition, it is characterized by severe portal hypertension, synthetic dysfunction, and a markedly poor prognosis. However, with the application of highly active antiviral therapy, clinical observations have shown that some patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis can achieve regression of complications accompanied by stable improvement in liver function. This phenomenon is defined as recompensation. This article reviews recent studies on decompensation and recompensation in hepatitis B cirrhosis, focusing on the definition and evolution of recompensation, its mechanisms, predictive factors, and clinical prognosis. It also discusses research challenges and future directions, aiming to provide references for optimizing individualized management of decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis patients. Given the high prevalence of chronic liver disease in occupational settings, these insights may have particular relevance for populations with physically demanding occupations, including those in the textile industry.

hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, decompensation, recompensation, textile industry